Down the road repairs on various higher interval'd vehicles have shown me that there is plenty of issues to worry about, usually caused by misengineering and budget snafus. Science? would that be CAFE MPG, or lower cost of ownership marketing(great for the lease zombies), or the eco-greenie govt to manufacturer tax discounts for lifetime or extended fluid intervals? Science... doesn't mention the number of worn timing chain and tensioners, failed VVT components, sticking or broken rings, oil consumption, bearing wear, rod knock, start up rattle, piston knock,.... which are all pretty common at the used car auctions where many dealers dump your trade-ins.
Toyota doesn't give all a blind 10k/yearly interval. Many fall under Toyota's 5k/6month severe service interval. Too bad dealers and owners are too clueless to even know that a severe service interval exists. Read your maintenance manual.
Severe service 5k/6mo interval:
Extensive idling or low speed driving... who here has a remote starter? or enjoys the city/highway traffic with their commute? or likes to run the A/C or heat while the prettier half runs into the department store or supermarket?
Repeated trips <5 miles when <32F? Anyone in northern half of country with winters?
Towing, car top carrier, or heavy vehicle loading? I'd consider the kids, their sports/hunting/fishing/hobby gear, along with the wife as 'heavy loading'. But, didn't see Toyota's definition of 'heavy loading'. Carpool?
Dirt or dusty roads? unpaved roads, salt/sand on snow/ice roads, desert or wasteland roads....
Toyota is a great automaker. Too bad they can't come out with an oil life monitor algorithm. Fixed mileage/time intervals for all are such a primitive science. I guess that an actual oil life monitor algorithm is just an overly advanced science for Toyota to digest.
Concerning UOA's.... good data requires trending. Bad data means you're simply too late for the interval. Borderline useless to try to extend the $40 oil change a few weeks with a $40 UOA. But, having the data, that most can decipher, sure is hipster beard/tattoo/piercings cool at theoildrop forum.