I have the wiring diagram for the power outlets and USB ports for my '21 RAV4; I would suspect the '20 is the same.
The USB outlet inside the center console is powered by a fuse labeled "USB2". That fuse is fed from a fuse labeled "P/OUTLET NO. 1", i.e. there are two fuses involved in getting power to the USB outlet inside the center console.That fuse is fed from an ACC power source, that is the car must be in accessory mode or on (ready mode for the hybrids).
The USB outlet on the back of the center console is has power from a fuse labeled "USB1" which is fed from a relay in the junction box (behind the under dash fuse panel). That relay is powered from a relay labeled "P/OUTLET NO.2", i.e. again there are two fuses involved in getting power to that USB outlet. That relay is activated (power to the coil) by ACC power through a fuse labeled "ECU-ACC".
All these fused are in the fuse box under the dash to the left of the steering column (my '21 hybrid fuse cover):
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Some more help:
1. The rear 12 volt outlet in the cargo area, by the light for the rear cargo area is also powered through the relay powered by fuse "P/OUTLET NO. 2". Do you have power to the rear cargo 12 volt outlet when the car is in ACC mode?
2. Many RAV4s (including mine) are wired to have either USB outlets or 12 volt outlets both inside the center console and on the back of the center console (LE models come with 12 volt outlets, higher trim levels come with USB outlets). . Look for those connectors: the one for the inside of the center console is clipped to the back of the cup holders; the one for the back of the center console is taped to the wire harness going to the USB outlet. Since those are mostly powered by the same fuses, check for power on those connectors.
Neat options:
1. Since many RAV4s come with the wiring for either 12 volt outlets or USB outlets, it is easy to add 12 volt outlets in addition to the USB outlets. These threads tell you how:
2. It is possible to swap your existing USB-A outlets for USB-c outlets or even dual USB-A/C outlet or even lighted ones:
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With or without covers:
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