Just copy/paste from useful sources:
Coolant Flow Valve,Engine
Tech Notes
Coolant Flow Valve may be called Water Valve, Flow Shutting Valve or Engine Coolant By-pass Valve in OEM information.
Operation
Coolant Flow Valve is part of Variable Cooling Control System that allows for quicker engine warm-up, heater efficiency, and engine efficiency by controlling coolant flow to various components under certain operating conditions.
Internal valve closes by spring pressure when engine not running. Coolant flow with running engine will open valve which remains open unless ECM energizes valve closing valve as long as ECM powers coil.
Coolant Flow Valve (under ECM control) can block or allow coolant to flow to heater and transmission assemblies:
1). All Coolant Flow Valves will be closed to promote early engine warm-up
2). Coolant Flow Valve for heater will open during engine warm-up to force quickly warming coolant to heater for maximum heater when engine cold.
3). All Coolant Flow Valves will be open, along with thermostat to reduce coolant temperature during periods of maximum engine demand.
4). Coolant Flow Valve for heater will be closed to provide for maximum A/C cooling.
Component Location:
Coolant Flow Valve for Heater:
At left rear valve cover area above exhaust manifold. Has heater hoses connected to valve.
Coolant Flow Valve for Auto Trans:
Mounted to Differential housing at front left hand inner axle area. Has heater hoses connected to valve.
Connector
View: Connector Side, Front Probing
Heater Coolant Flow Valve Connector
Pin Assignment | Wire Color |
1=Coolant Flow Valve Control | White |
2=Coolant Flow Valve Power | Blue |
Auto Trans Coolant Flow Valve Connector
Pin Assignment | Wire Color |
1=Coolant Flow Valve Control | LtGreen |
2=Coolant Flow Valve Power | Red |
Tests
DC Voltage Test
Disconnect valve connector.
Connect test leads:
=Coolant Flow Valve Power
=Known good ground
KOEO, voltage should be about 12.0V (battery voltage).
If not, check 10A EFI #1 fuse and wiring to canister vent valve.
Resistance Test
Inspect Coolant Flow Valve for open circuit.
Disconnect connector.
Connect test leads at valve side:
=Coolant Flow Valve Power
=Coolant Flow Valve Ground
Should measure about 22 to 28Ω at 68°F.
If no continuity exists, suspect faulty Valve.